Habitat
Conifer forests, primarily white spruce, black spruce, tamarack forests, douglas-fir, and hemlock forests (Benkman 1992, Campbell et al. 2001). Also, coastal Sitka spruce in southeast Alaska (Benkman 1992). Rarely occurs in non-treed habitats (Campbell et al. 2001). In northern regions of B.C., breeds from valley bottoms to timberline (Campbell et al. 2001).
References
Benkman, C. W. 1992. White-winged Crossbill (LOXIA LEUCOPTERA). In The Birds of North America, No. 27 ( A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds ). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists’ Union.
Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Cooper, G. W. Kaiser, A. C. Stewart, and M. C. E. McNall. 2001. The Birds of British Columbia. Volume 4. Passerines: wood-warblers through Old World sparrows. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver. 739 pages.
