Habitat
Nests in brushy tundra, in freshwater marsh, or in wooded area near pond, bog, or stream. Nests on the ground in an area protected by vegetative cover. (NatureServe 2007b). Also uses rocky-shored lakes and ponds within boreal forests and tundra zones (Goudie et al. 1994). In Quebec, breeding habitat includes shallow lakes
<10 ha (Decarie et al. 1995, Bergeron et al. 1996).
References
Bergeron, R., R. J. Hughes, and A. Reed. 1996. Projet de Laforge-1. Etude de la sauvagine et caracterisation de ses habitats-ete 1995. Final report. Direction Ingenierie et Environnement, Societe d’ energie de la Baie James and Groupe Dryade Ltee, QC.
Decarie, R., F. Morneau, D. Lambert, S. Carriere, and J. P. L. Savard. 1995. Habitat use by brood-rearing waterfowl in subarctic Quebec. Arctic 48:383-390.
Goudie, R. I., S. Brault, B. Conant, A. V. Kondratyev, M. R. Petersen, and K. Vermeer. 1994. The status of sea ducks in the north Pacific rim: toward their conservation and management. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Res. Conf. 59:27-49.
NatureServe. 2007b. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 6.2. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. 90
