Habitat
In forest and woodland, especially in burned-over areas with standing dead trees, in taiga, subalpine coniferous forest and mixed coniferous-deciduous forest (AOU 1983). Preference for forest edges, including harvested areas in southeast, forested habitats in central where forests are naturally open or semi-open. Indicator for coniferous forests, also found in mixed deciduous/coniferous forests. Found in open canopy spruce in Alaska. Associated with openings and water (e.g., bogs, wetlands) and dead standing trees. Closely associated with recently burned areas. In B.C., breeds from near sea level to about 2,200 m elevation (Campbell et al. 1997) and in the Yukon this species is reported from lowland areas up to treeline (Alexander et al. 2003).
References
Alexander, S. A., F. I. Doyle, C. D. Ecker, H. Grünberg, N. L. Hughes, M. Jensen, I. Johnson, D. H. Mossop, W. A. Nixon, and P. H. Sinclair. 2003. Birds of the Yukon Territory (P. H. Sinclair, W. A. Nixon, C. D. Eckert, and N. L. Hughes, eds.). UBC Press, Vancouver, B.C.
AOU. 1983. Check-list of North American birds. 6th ed.American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D. C.
Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Cooper, G. W. Kaiser, M. C. E. McNall, and G. E. J. Smith. 1997. The Birds of British Columbia. Volume 3. Passerines: flycatchers through vireos. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver. 693 pages.
