Habitat
Breeding habitat includes open subarctic, coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forest and scrub (spruce, alder, birch, willow, low tundra scrub). Only occurs in tundra where shrubby vegetation occurs in sheltered places. Avoids dense forests. Found from sea level to 1,350 m (Knox and Lowther 2000). In B. C., breeding habitat consists of subalpine willow thickets, mixed spruce and deciduous thickets at edge of openings and edge habitat along streams, rivers, wetlands (Campbell et al. 2001).
References
Campbell, R. W., N. K. Dawe, I. McTaggart-Cowan, J. M. Cooper, G. W. Kaiser, A. C. Stewart, and M. C. E. McNall. 2001. The Birds of British Columbia. Volume 4. Passerines: wood-warblers through Old World sparrows. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver. 739 pages.
Knox, A. G. and P. E. Lowther. 2000. Common Redpoll (Carduelis flammea). In The Birds of North America, Vol. 7, No. 543 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists’ Union.
